Year 10: Let the games begin

Outline the main geographical processes relevant to Coastal Management.


Geographical processes relevant to Coastal Management are designed to protect the shore and surrounding areas from things such as corrosion, erosion, large waves and storms. One process in regards to Coastal Management is the construction of sea walls. Sea walls are Walls of concrete or rock, built at the base of a cliff or at the back of a beach, or used to protect a settlement against erosion or flooding. Another process is building revetments which are wooden slanted or upright blockades, built parallel to the sea on the coast, usually towards the back of the beach to protect the cliff or settlement beyond. Beach nourishment or replenishment is one of the most popular techniques of coastal defence management schemes. This involves importing sand off the beach and piling it on top of the existing sand. 

Year 10: Revision

Answer these three long response questions from last years Yearly Exam:

Question 24 (15 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________

In your answer you will be assessed on your ability to:

*organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively

* support your ideas with relevant examples

*use geographic terms appropriately

___________________________________________________________________________

A)    Explain Australia’s regional and global links with ONE nation from two of the following areas:  aid, defence, migration, trade.

Australia's relationship in terms of Defence with the United States is very strong. Australia relies on the United States for protection as they do not have a large enough defence force for the whole country. Australia has strengthened its relationship over the years since Wolrd War II by helping America in wars such as Korea and Vietnam as well as forming groups like the ANZUS (Australia New Zealand United States) treaty which binds the three countries together in times of war or conflict in the region. Through strengthening these relationships Australia is confident that the US military would aid them if they came under any threat. 

B)    Examine the future challenges and responses for Australia to EITHER Human rights OR Reconciliation OR Future population. 

C)    Outline Australia’s changing regional role and/or global role in relation to the role of non-government organisations.

Y10: Defense Set to Give US More Military Access

What are the US and Australian military forces agreeing to currently? What the specific implications of this agreement?

Shared facilities are expected to include HMAS Stirling naval base in Western Australia, an army base in Townsville as the primary location for operations, the port of Darwin and the Bradshaw Field Training Area in the Northern Territory.

The agreements, a key focus of this year's talks on defence and foreign affairs issues in San Francisco, will mean the Americans will not just be offered space on a base, they will be there with what Defence calls "full knowledge and concurrence" with full access to intelligence and maintenance facilities.

What is the name of the summit where Australia's Defense Minister and the US's Secretary of Defense will meet?

AUSMIN

Which country is the US specifically reacting to?

China

What are the US planners looking to achieve with this agreement regarding troop movement?

Effective spread of forces worldwide and effective movement of forces by breaking down the globe into regions.

What are other key areas of discussion at the summit?

Other key areas for discussion at the talks will be cyber security, progress in Afghanistan and the state of the Joint Strike Fighter project. Australia plans to buy up to 100 of the revolutionary multi-role jets to replace the RAAF's F-111 bombers, retired last year, and its F/A-18 Hornets.

What does this agreement mean for Australia's future in the Regional and Global context?


It provides Australia with increased security but it may make China think that Australia doesn't trust them.

Mapping Skills: Geography Preliminary - 2006

What is the predicted population growth rate in 2030? - .75 %

What is the predicted population change in 2030? - 60 million.

What region of the world is predicted to have the greatest gross increase in percentage between 1800 and 2050? - Africa.

How many males and females are there in Ethiopia for the age range 60-64 in the year 2000? - approx 4.4 million. 2.2 million for each gender

How many males and females are there in Italy for the age range 60-64 in the year 2000? - 3.7 milion

1.8 males/1.7 females

Why do you think that there is such a difference between these two countries? - There is a noticeable difference between both countries because of the large growth rate in population of ethopia and the fact that italys population decreases over the 50 years.

What is located at GR831979? - Dicks Hill

What is the highest point at AR7997? - Camden Haven

What is the contour interval for the map? - 10 metres

What physical feature is located at GR820975? - A wet swamp.

Approximately how far is the Laurieton Sporting Complex from Hanleys Point on the Camden Haven Inlet? - 1km

Give the GR for the North Haven Public School. - 8300

What is the highest point at Camden Head? Give the height and GR. - Laurieton - 79 metres - 8498.

Go Back to Where You Came From Reflection

• What is your initial reaction to the show?

The program depicts the journey of 6 people as they travel through different countries and experiences the same things that refugees experience. My first reactions are that the show is very first hand and shows how the characters develop their views.

Take this Quiz: http://www.sbs.com.au/thefacttester?question=4

• What percentage of immigrants are refugees?

1.5%

• Why does such a small number of people make for such a big deal both politically and in the media? (Give your opinion)

Because most of them are illegal.

• Where does Australia rank among countries accepting refugees?

Australia is the 18th highest country in accepting refugees.

• To what extent do we have an obligation to help other people suffering in the world? (your opinion)

I think we do because we are in a very developing region which has many refugees seeking asylum.

• How much extra support do refugees receive in comparison to other Australian citizens?

Refugees are supplied with conditions to live in whether they be comfortable or not which many homeless Australian's do not receive as well as meals and clothing.

• How many Asian nations have signed the UN Refugee Convention?

11

• Why is it important to note that Malaysia has not signed the UN Refugee Convention? What does this mean for refugees in Malaysia?

This means that countries to not feel obliged to take refugees from Malaysia and therefore refugees from Malaysia are least likely to be accepted.

Year 10: Trade: ASEAN members start moves to harmonize policies | BusinessWorld Online Edition

1. To improve and harmonize trade and investment policies.

2. The Economic Research institute for ASEAN. They intend to monitor how the propsed plan and to keep track on the success of it.

3. The ASEAN Economic community. They plan on helping countries identify commitments that will deliver the best results.

4. The three areas of focus are: Trade and transport,services and investment facilitation.

5. The groups plan to meet once a year in order to maintain its goals and remain successful.

6. They intend to establish a knowledge bank that includes possible tools that members can use to pursue effective reforms.

7.Dato Lim Jock Hoi  is the chairman and he is the minister for foreign affairs for Brunei. Brunei has a population of 400000 which is extremely low compared to Australia. Their GDP is 20.382 billion.

8. Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of customs tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state.

9. I think it is a good thing for Australia because it will improve Australias image as they will be helping countries that are in a worse position economically and they will be encouraging growth between them.

Year 10: Military - US/Australia Alliance

1.Who is Steven Smith and what important role does he play for the Australian Government?
Steven Smith is the Defence Minister for the Australian Government. This means that he is in charge of all affairs regarding defence.

2. What is the Brookings Institution where Mr. Smith delivered his speech?

The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. Our mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations that advance three broad goals:

• Strengthen American democracy;
• Foster the economic and social welfare, security and opportunity of all Americans and
• Secure a more open, safe, prosperous and cooperative international system.

Brookings is proud to be consistently ranked as the most influential, most quoted and most trusted think tank.

3. What role does the Australia/US Alliance play in Australia's 'strategic and security arrangements'?
Mr Smith said it was unambiguously in Australia's national interest for the US to be active and engaged in the Asia-Pacific, as the region became the world's centre of gravity and as economic, political, military and strategic influence shifted.

4. What is important about Australia's global location for this alliance?
He said Australia saw greater US focus on the Asia-Pacific as the demands of current operations reduced and the US strategic priority returned to the region.

5. What contributions has Australia made to this alliance for the last 50 years?
"For almost 50 years, through the joint defence facilities in Australia, we have made a significant contribution to US national security by hosting or supporting some of the US's most sensitive and critical strategic capabilities," Mr Smith said. "These include systems related to intelligence collection, ballistic-missile early warning, submarine communications, and satellite-based communications."

6. What did the minister say about the Australian companies who do business with the US?
The minister said 9000 Australian companies did business in the US. "They pay an average wage of $US70,000 ($63,490) per employee per annum and include your largest shopping-centre owner and two of your largest 20 banks," he said.

7. Why does the minister point out this information about this company? What does it highlight about the relationship between Australia and the US?
The minister points out the information to show how much help Australia is giving to the US and that they deserve the US's help if it is needed.

8. What is the country central to Australia's relationships in the region?
China

9. What is Australia trying to foster with this country?
Because China is becoming the new super power of the world, overtaking the US, and Australia wants a piece of the action. So it is in ally with China instead of being seen as a country that could easily be invaded by China.

10. Why do you think that this is important to Australia?
This is important to Australia in terms of security as well as relations with other countries in the region. If Australia does not have a solid relationship with China within the next 10 years there will be a threat of invasion from the new superpower of the world. 


2nd Article


1. What is the US planning on locating in Australia? Where? Why?

AMERICAN military hardware and personnel could be permanently located in Australia.

Defence Minister Stephen Smith in Washington yesterday revealed he was keen to cement formal links so the US could:

POSITION military equipment on Australian soil including at Woomera in the state's Far North.

HAVE greater access to Australian training and test ranges, such as Shoalwater Bay in Queensland and Woomera.

REGULARLY use Australian bases and ports.

2. What implications does this have on the coordination between Australian and American forces?
In addition to bases, the pair discussed worrying delays to the massive Joint Strike Fighter program and ways the US could assist Australia to develop its next generation of conventional submarines.

Year 10: Immigration

1. An asylum seeker is a person who has fled their own country and applies to the government of another country for protection as a refugee. The term ‘asylum seekers’ refers to all people who apply for refugee protection, whether or not they are officially determined to be refugees.

2. Someone who is unable or unwilling to return due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of their:

• race
• religion
• nationality
• membership of a particular social group
• political opinion.
  

3.As a signatory to the Refugee Convention, Australia is obliged to provide protection for those people to whom it has obligations under the Convention, regardless of whether they entered Australia lawfully or unlawfully. Australian law requires that people who have not succeeded in their claim for refugee protection and who have no lawful basis to remain in Australia, be removed from Australia as soon as practicable. Their removal takes place following the conclusion of any litigation and when arrangements have been made to return them to their country of residence.

4. 

• Africa (70.6%): major source countries included Sudan, Ethiopia and Liberia.
• Middle East and South West Asia (24.4%): major source countries included Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran.
• Europe (3%): major source countries included the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 

Video Questions:

1. It is an asylum seeker swap plan. Australia will send 800 asylum seekers in exchange for 4000 genuine refugees. 

2. They will be treated with dignity and respect. The agreement says Australia will cover the cost of any health and education expenses. They have the right to work.

3. They are sent to detention centres if they are found on a work site. They are generally treated with hard punishment such as caneing. They are not treated with proper medical attention and usually get sick.

4. Yes

5. The 567 people who have arrived in Australia since the 7th of May will have their claims processed in Australia.

6. Refugee advocates are worried that they can not guarentee that the refugees will not be treated as they normally are and are concerned that they will recieve the same treatment despite Julia Gillard telling everyone that they will have equal rights. 

7. The goal of the plan is to get rid of asylum seekers and to take on refugees who require serious assistance. Their goal is also to prevent any of the asylum seekers from suffering under traditional Maylasian treatment such as caneing and the lack of medical assistance.

8. I do think that this deal will work because I think that Malaysia will stick to their agreement of not caneing the asylum seekers as well as treating them properly and giving them the oppertunity  to work the same as any other citizen. I hope that this does work but there is always the chance that it will not.

Year 10: Monday 25/7 Period 4

1. What title does Kevin Rudd have in the Australian Government? Explain what this role entails.

Kevin Rudd is currently the  Minister for Foreign Affairs who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

2. What is Kevin Rudd's concern?

Kevin Rudd believes that North Korea's development of long range missiles is a threat to Australia's safety.

3. What forum was he at to express his concerns?

ASEAN Regional Forum

4. What actions have North Korea performed recently which have Rudd alarmed and the region lacking stability?

"Mr Rudd told Mr Pak it was “unacceptable” for North Korea to blame on others the security problems it had caused for the whole region, having recently torpedoed a South Korean naval frigate, shelled civilians’ homes across the border  and defied two UN Security Council resolutions by pursuing an enriched uranium weapons program."

5. What is a 'direct threat' to Australia according to Rudd?

"Mr Rudd said North Korea’s uranium weaponisation program had the objective of putting nuclear warheads on long-range missiles was a direct threat to Australia."

6. What do you think that Rudd is trying to accomplish diplomatically by calling out his North Korean counterpart publicly? 

He is trying to show the world what North Korea is doing so that he is not in the fight alone, so that the rest of world also see it as a threat and back him up.

7.How does this relate to Australia's relationship and role in the region? How does this relate to Australia's relationship to major allies?

Within the region it may be seen as a dumb move for Australia to be telling North Korea that what they are doing is "unacceptable" because Korea may now want to retaliate. Australia may be frowned upon by our major allies as Mr Rudd "calling out" North Korea isn't very wise because if they were a threat before they may be even more of a threat now.

Year 10: Australian Aid

1. Summarize the article in dot points on your blog and then write a paragraph stating your view on what the author is presenting.

• In the past five years Australia's overseas aid budget has doubled. In the next five years it will double again.
  
• Kevin Rudd announced a review of Australia's overseas aid program last year.
• The report is full of good sense about how to allocate and administer all the extra money.
  
• However the report doesn't give an answer to the bigger underlying questions of the aid program and why it's growing so fast
• Relief after massive disasters such as a tsunami definitely helps, however this only accounts for 7 percent of today's foreign aid program. Spending money in ways that makes no difference is a complete waste of money.
• A vast bulk of our aid is supposed to overcome long term poverty, however extreme poverty by 2005 has already fallen to 25% and by 2015 it is said that extreme poverty will only be in 15% of the world
• Also, poverty is not being removed because of aid, it is being removed because of economic growth. For example China's economic growth has lifted half a billion people out of poverty since 1990.
• Economic growth requires a remarkable confluence of factors - social, political and technological - to start whole populations moving from semi-subsistence farming to paid work.
  
• As some of the world's poorest countries start to grow economically of their own accord, we can see more clearly how aid does not make much difference.
• 
  

1. Why do you think Australia is giving more Aid? What would be the benefits of such a policy? What would be the negatives?

Year 10 Thursday 5/5: Mapping

Using the Synoptic Maps and the Sydney weather report below answer the following questions: (more questions under the synoptic charts). Copy the images from this page and put them in your blog.

1. What is it about the pressure system stalled over Australia that relates to the weather over the next 4 days?
   There is a high pressure which will mean warm sunny weather over the next four days with minimal cloud cover. 
2. What is the air pressure in each of the next 4 days for each of the capital cities? How does this correspond with the predicted weather for these cities?

Thursday

Brisbane - 1017 hpa

Sydney -  1022 hpa 

Melbourne - 1026 hpa

Canberra - 1024 hpa

Hobart - 1023 hpa

Darwin - 1012 hpa

Perth - 1012 hpa

Adelaide - 1025 hpa

Friday 

Brisbane - 1015 hpa

Sydney -  1012 hpa

Melbourne - 1024 hpa

Canberra - 1020 hpa

Hobart - 1020 hpa

Darwin - 1012 hpa

Perth - 1020 hpa

Adelaide - 1024 hpa

Saturday 

Brisbane - 1017 hpa

Sydney -  1013 hpa

Melbourne - 1018 hpa

Canberra - 1020 hpa

Hobart - 1016 hpa

Darwin - 1012 hpa

Perth - 1020 hpa

Adelaide - 1020 hpa

Sunday 

Brisbane - 1016 hpa

Sydney -  1018 hpa

Melbourne - 1024 hpa

Canberra - 1020 hpa

Hobart - 1024 hpa

Darwin - 1012 hpa

Perth - 1016 hpa

Adelaide - 1024 hpa

What is the contour interval (sometimes abbreviated CI)? Convert to metric. 

20 feet (6m)

What is the scale of the map? Convert it into the metric system.

1cm = 1 mile or 1cm = 1.6 km

What is the gradient of the line? Calculate in metric system.

859-680 = 121 (36m)

2cm line = 2 miles (3218m)

gradient = 3218/36

= 89

Year 10 Thursday 27/4 - Part 2, New York City in 5 images

New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York City exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, culture, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. As the home of the United Nations Headquarters, it is also an important center for international affairs. The city is often referred to as New York City or the City of New York, to distinguish it from the state of New York, which is apart from.

The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue of Liberty is well known around the world and is one of the most iconic landmarks in New York.

Times Square is a major commercial intersection in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th Streets. Times square represents the busy and bustling city that New York is, as well as all the culture and life that comes in and out of New York City.

The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. With a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m), it was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. bridges are the easiest way to link New York City and having a massive bridge like Brooklyn Bridge is necessary for the city to work without too many delays.

Central Park is a public park in the center of Manhattan in New York City, United States. The park initially opened in 1857, on 843 acres (3.41 km²) of city-owned land. This park is the center piece of New York City, hence its name, no other city in the world has anything like this or at least of its size. It allows the busy office workers to take a break every now and then and still enjoy nature as well as providing a tourist attraction.

The taxicabs of New York City, with their distinctive yellow paint, are a widely recognized icon of the city. Taxicabs are operated by private companies and licensed by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. The yellow taxicabs are the most common form of transport in New York City, but walking is always faster!

Year 10 Thursday 27/4 - Venice a City in Five Images

-          1. Venice is a combination of many separated strips of land and islands.

-          2. The bricks which hold the water back eventually erode and have to be restored

-          3. High chance of flooding from higher than normal tide.

-          4. 438 bridges

-          5. Sewage drains into the canals

-         6.  Building techniques – Building on water

Assessment Prep: Urban Sprawl

1. Identify specific examples of Urban Sprawl and Consolidation in Sydney and describe how these are examples of urban sprawl (include photos). (1 of each - consolidation and sprawl)


Ku-ring-gai


In Ku-ring-gai Barry O'Farrel is planning to bring in 10,000 more living spaces in the form of high rises by 2031. The development of high rises while still relatively close to the city makes this an example of urban consolidation. 

This is a campaign poster of "not so high in Ku-ring-gai" where they want Barry O'Farrel to stop at 6,000 new living spaces instead of the full 10,000.  

This will be bad for the area as it will cost a lot of money as well as bringing in a much higher population density. It will also cut into the resources available to the area.

Green Square:

Year 10: Urban Sprawl or Consolidation: Jordan Springs

1. Is this an example of urban consolidation or urban sprawl? Why?
Jordan Springs is an example of urban sprawl because the definition of urban sprawl is: "a characteristic of Australian cities where population growth has caused expansion outwards in size with the creation of new low-density suburbs" which is what Jordan Springs is compared to urban consolidation which is: "the redevelopment of parts of a city to achieve a higher population density, characterised by high-rise apartment complexes and villa developments" which is not what Jordan Springs is.


2. Do you think that this development is positive or negative for the surrounding community? For Sydney? For Australia?

I think it is positive as it provides more room for people to live and keeps people from overcrowding other areas. It is also nature friendly which is good for the environment. As well as being nature friendly it also has good road designs and public transport access to be pedestrian friendly and promote exercise. It is not beneficial to Sydney because it forces Sydney to give some of its recourses as well as it could draw people away from Sydney to go live there.